The Effect of Supplementation with Betaine and Zinc on In Vitro Large Intestinal Fermentation in Iberian Pigs under Heat Stress.

We investigated the effects of betaine and zinc on the in vitro fermentation of pigs under heat stress (HS). Twenty-four Iberian pigs (43.4 ± 1.2 kg) under HS (30 °C) were assigned to treatments for 4 weeks: control (unsupplemented), betaine (5 g/kg), and zinc (0.120 g/kg) supplemented diet. Rectal content was used as the inoculum in 24-hincubations with pure substrates (starch, pectin, inulin, cellulose). Total gas, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and methane production and ammonia concentration were measured. The abundance of total bacteria and several bacterial groups was assessed. Betaine increased the acetate production with pectin and inulin, butyrate production with starch and inulin, and ammonia concentration, and decreased propionate production with pectin and inulin. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and two groups of Clostridium decreased with betaine supplementation. Zinc decreased the production of SCFA and gas with starch and inulin, associated with diminished bacterial activity. Propionate production decreased with starch, pectin, and inulin while butyrate production increased with inulin, and isoacid production increased with cellulose and inulin in pigs supplemented with zinc. The ammonia concentration increased for all substrates. The Clostridium cluster XIV abundance decreased in pigs fed zinc supplemented diets. The results reported were dependent on the substrate fermented, but the augmented butyrate production with both betaine and zinc could be of benefit for the host.

Reproductive and fertility parameters of ewes from the Colombian tropical highlands / Parámetros reproductivos y de fertilidad de ovejas en el trópico alto de Colombia

ABSTRACT Two studies were conducted on sheep in the high tropics of Colombia to study reproductive and fertility parameters associated with animal growth in this ecological zone. In the first trial, 1,389 records were used to analyze, through descriptive statistics, the fertility parameters, the birth rate, and the yield per multiple births of three genetic groups of sheep: the native Criolla and Manchada Paramuna breeds, and they were compared with the imported race Blackface. In the second study, the duration of the estrous cycle was determined and serum progesterone values were determined during the estrous cycle in 19 Criolla x Romney Marsh crossbred ewes, in this experiment, five moments of the cycle were analyzed. The fertility rates found in the Criolla and Manchada Paramuna breeds were 73.1 and 72 %, respectively, and were higher than those of the Blackface sheep (65 %). Blackface ewes showed the highest incidence of multiple births (29 %) and Manchada Paramuna ewes had the highest birth rates (93.7 %). Criolla x Romney Marsh crossbred ewes recorded a mean duration of the estrous cycle of 17.8 d. The highest progesterone secretion (11.5 nmol/L) occurred on day 9 of the estrous cycle, while in the estrus phases, its value was 0.32 nmol/L. This study contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive aspects of Colombian native sheep.

RESUMEN Se realizaron dos estudios en ovejas en el trópico alto de Colombia, para estudiar los parámetros reproductivos y de fertilidad asociados con el crecimiento animal, en esta zona ecológica. En el primer ensayo, se utilizaron 1.389 registros para analizar, a través de estadísticas descriptivas, los parámetros de fertilidad, la tasa de natalidad y el rendimiento por parto múltiple, de tres grupos genéticos de ovejas: las razas nativas Criolla y Manchada Paramuna y se compararon con la raza importada Blackface. En el segundo estudio, se determinó la duración del ciclo estral y se determinaron valores de progesterona sérica durante el ciclo estral, en 19 ovejas cruzadas Criolla x Romney Marsh; en este experimento, se analizaron cinco momentos del ciclo. Las tasas de fertilidad encontradas en las razas Criolla y Manchada Paramuna fue de 73,1 y 72 %, respectivamente, superior a la de las ovejas Blackface (65 %). Las ovejas Blackface mostraron la mayor incidencia de partos múltiples (29 %) y las ovejas Manchada Paramuna tuvieron las tasas de parto más altas (93,7 %). Las ovejas cruzadas Criolla x Romney Marsh registraron una duración media del ciclo estral de 17,8 d. La mayor secreción de progesterona (11,5 nmol/L) ocurrió el día 9 del ciclo estral, mientras que en las fases del estro, su valor fue de 0,32 nmol/L. Este estudio contribuye con el conocimiento de los aspectos reproductivos de las ovejas nativas colombianas.

Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs.

Heat stress reduces the feed intake and growth of pigs. We hypothesized that heat stress affects the intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs. Sixteen Iberian pigs (44 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (eight pigs/treatment) for 4 weeks-heat stress (HS; 30 °C) ad libitum or thermoneutral (TN; 20 °C) pair feeding. Frozen rectum contents were used as inocula for 24 h in vitro incubations in which a mixture of starches, citrus pectin, inulin from chicory, and cellulose were the substrates. Cellulose was poorly degraded, whereas pectin and the mixture of starches were the most fermentable substrates according to total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The mixture of starches and inulin produced the greatest amount of gas. For all substrates, heat stress enhanced gas production (8%, p = 0.001), total SCFA production (16%, p = 0.001), and the production of acetate and propionate (12% and 42%, respectively; p = 0.001). The increased isoacid production (33%, p = 0.001) and ammonia concentration (12%, p = 0.001) may indicate protein fermentation under heat stress. In conclusion, the in vitro intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs under heat stress was increased compared to thermoneutral conditions, which may indicate an adaptive response to heat stress.

Serum levels of ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin during growth of cattle under tropical conditions / Niveles séricos de ghrelina, hormona del crecimiento e insulina en la fase de crecimiento de bovinos en condiciones de trópico / Níveis séricos de ghrelina, hormônio do crescimento e insulina na fase de crescimento de bovinos em condições de tropico

From a physiological and animal production standpoint, it is important to know the factors associated with growth and development of the rumen. Calf transition from monogastric into ruminant involves structural and physiological changes of the digestive system. This process involves hormones that affect both the orexigenic (ghrelin) and metabolic phases, and also nutrient utilization (i.e., insulin and growth hormone). The aim of this study was to monitor growth of calves between birth and six months of age and determine serum ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin, in three breeds. Eight animals were selected from each breed (Harton del Valle, Holstein, and Brahman). Body weight was measured and blood samples collected every 30 days. Protein was analyzed by direct refractometry, insulin and ghrelin by radioimmunoassay (RIA), glucose by enzymatic colorimetry, and growth hormone (HG) by ELISA. A factorial design with two main effects (animal breed and sampling age) was used, blocking by weight groups. Analysis of variance showed differences (p<0.05) for main effects. The observed mean values were: 529 g/ day weight gain, 55.6 g/L protein, 4.99 mmol/L glucose, 297.69 pmol/L insulin, 59.11 pmol/L ghrelin, and 12,87 ug/L HG. Differences were observed for hormone values and indicators by age of calves at the time of sampling.

El conocimiento de los factores asociados al crecimiento y al desarrollo del rumen es importante desde el punto de vista fisiológico y de la producción animal. El paso de monogástrico a rumiante en terneros implica cambios estructurales y fisiológicos en el sistema digestivo. En el proceso intervienen hormonas que inciden en las fases orexigénica (ghrelina), metabólica y de utilización de nutrientes por parte del organismo (insulina y hormona de crecimiento). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue monitorear el crecimiento entre el nacimiento y seis meses de edad de terneros y determinar las concentraciones séricas de Ghrelina, hormona del crecimiento e insulina, en tres grupos raciales de bovinos. Fueron seleccionados ocho animales de cada raza (Hartón del Valle, Holstein y Brahman). Cada 30 días se determinó el peso vivo animal y se recolectaron muestras de sangre. La proteína se analizó por refractometría directa, la glucosa por colorimetría enzimática, la insulina y la ghrelina por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA) y la hormona del crecimiento (HG) por la técnica de Elisa. Se utilizó un diseño factorial con dos efectos principales (raza y edad de muestreo), y un bloqueo final por grupos de peso de los animales. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencia (p<0,05) para los efectos principales. Los valores promedios fueron para ganancia de peso vivo 529 g/día, proteína 55,6 g/L, glucosa 4,99 mmol/L, insulina 297,69 pmol/L, ghrelina 59,11 pmol/L, y HG 12,87 ug/L. Se presentaron diferencias en los valores de hormonas e indicadores según la edad de los terneros al tiempo de muestreo.

O conhecimento dos fatores associados ao crescimento e ao desenvolvimento do rumem é importante tanto desde o ponto de vista fisiológico quanto da produção animal. A mudança dos vitelos de monogástrico para ruminante implica mudanças estruturais e fisiológicas no sistema digestivo. No processo intervém hormônios que incidem nas fases orexigénica (ghrelina), metabólica e de utilização de nutrientes por parte do organismo (insulina e hormônio do crescimento). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi monitorar o crescimento entre o nascimento e os seis meses de idade de vitelos e assim determinar as concentrações séricas de ghrelina, hormônio do crescimento e insulina, em três grupos raciais de bovinos. Foram selecionados oito animais de cada raça (Hartón del Valle, Holandês e Brahman). A cada 30 dias determinou-se o peso vivo do animal e se coletaram amostras de sangue. A proteína analisou-se por refractometria direta, a glucose por colorimetria enzimática, a insulina e a ghrelina por radioimunoanalise (RIA) e o hormônio do crescimento (HG) pela técnica de ELISA. Utilizou-se um desenho fatorial com dois efeitos principais (raça e idade de amostragem), e um bloqueio final por grupos de peso dos animais. O analise de variância apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05) para os efeitos principais. Os valores médios foram para ganho de peso vivo, 529 g/dia; proteína, 55,6 g/L; glucose, 4,99 mmol/L; insulina, 297,69 pmol/L; ghrelina, 59,11 pmol/L, e HG, 12,87 µg/L. Apresentaram-se diferenças nos valores de hormônios e indicadores segundo a idade dos vitelos ao tempo de amostragem.

Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum / Avaliação metabólica de vacas leiteiras submetidas a três estratégias para diminuir os efeitos do balanço energético negativo no pós-parto inicial

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24 percent during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

Durante o início da lactação as vacas leiteiras sofrem transtornos metabólicos causados pelo balanço energético negativo, o que predispõe a infiltração gordurosa hepática e cetose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o status metabólico de vacas leiteiras de alta produção submetidas a três tratamentos para prevenir severa lipomobilização e cetose no início da lactação. Cinquenta e quatro vacas de raça Holandesa multíparas produzindo >30 L/dia foram divididas em quatro grupos: controle (CN= sem tratamento), precursor de glicose (PG= propileno-glicol), protetor hepático (Mp= Mercepton®) e suplementação com sais de ácidos linolênico e linoléico (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 do pós-parto. A condição corporal foi avaliada nos mesmos períodos e a produção de leite foi registrada nas semanas 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 de lactação. As concentrações de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), albumina, AST, ß-hidroxibutirato (BHB), colesterol, glicose, proteína total, uréia e triglicerídeos foram determinadas nas amostras de sangue. Pontos de corte para diagnosticar cetose subclínica foram definidos quando BHB >1,4mmol/L e AGNE >0,7mmol/L. A ocorrência geral de cetose subclínica foi de 24 por cento durante o período. Uma curva ascendente de colesterol e de glicose foi observada desde a 1ª até a 8ª semana de lactação, enquanto que nenhuma tendência foi observada com BHB e AGNE, embora diferenças entre os tratamentos foram detectadas (p<0,05). A condição corporal diminuiu de uma media de 3,85 na 1ª semana até 2,53 na 8ª semana de lactação (p=0,001). A produção de leite foi superior no grupo de Mg-E comparado com os demais tratamentos. Comparado com o grupo CN, os tratamentos de Mp e PG não mostraram diferenças significativas na bioquímica sanguínea nem na produção de leite (p<0,05) As vacas que receberam PG e Mg-E mostraram maiores valores de AGNE, indicando uma acentuada lipomobilização. A suplementação com Mg-E também resultou em maiores concentrações de colesterol, BHB, uréia, AST e menores valores de glicemia. Este resultado pode ser explicado pela maior produção de leite observada com este tratamento. Os tratamentos com PG e Mp não melhoraram a produção de leite, comparados ao grupo CN, mas também não mostraram evidências metabólicas de cetose, alta lipomobilização nem infiltração gordurosa hepática. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com Mg-E melhora a produção de leite, mas induz um balance energético negativo maior levando a moderada lipomobilização e produção de corpos cetônicos, aumentando o risco de fígado gorduroso.

Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows.

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 µmol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.

Association of canine obesity with reduced serum levels of C-reactive protein.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in dogs as well as in humans. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important tool for the detection of inflammation and/or early tissue damage and is linked to obesity in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine if serum CRP levels are altered in obese dogs. Fifteen lean (control group) and 16 overweight (obese group) dogs were examined. Blood samples were collected under fasted conditions for serum determination of CRP, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and fructosamine. Results indicated that obese dogs were insulin resistant because serum insulin and insulin/glucose ratios were higher than in lean dogs (P < or = 0.05). Serum CRP concentrations were lower in obese dogs than in controls (P < or = 0.001). C-reactive protein was negatively correlated with insulin/glucose ratio (R = -0.42) and cholesterol (R = -0.39; P < or = 0.05). Furthermore, levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fructosamine were increased in the obese group compared with the control group. Based on these results, it can be postulated that CRP production is inhibited by obesity and insulin resistance in dogs.

Parâmetros hematológicos e níveis de cortisol plasmático em vacas leiteiras de alta produção no sul do Brasil / Hematological parameters and plasma cortisol levels in high-yielding dairy cows in the South of Brazil

A adaptação metabólica é um processo importante para a produção de leite em vacas de alta produção leiteira. A fisiologia das mudanças hematológicas e endócrinas durante o pós-parto é complexa e muitas respostas homeostáticas são importantes para obter o máximo da produção de leite. O perfil hematológico é uma ferramenta diagnóstica útil nos diferentes estágios do ciclo produtivo de vacas leiteiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alguns parâmetros hematológicos em diferentes estágios do ciclo produtivo de vacas leiteiras e correlacioná-los com o cortisol. Foram selecionadas 210 vacas multíparas, distribuídas por semanas: -3, -1 (antes do parto) e 2, 5, 8 e 11 (após o parto). Os parâmetros hematológicos avaliados foram hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina, contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos. O estresse durante o periparto foi avaliado pela concentração de cortisol analisado através do método de radioinmunoensaio de fase sólida. Todos os parâmetros determinados (hematológicos e cortisol) estavam dentro do intervalo de referência para a espécie. Os maiores valores de cortisol foram observados na segunda semana após o parto. Alterações hematológicas associadas a sinais de alto estresse não foram observadas no presente estudo e isto provavelmente se deve ao estado de saúde satisfatório dos animais durante o período de experimento e às condições adequadas de manejo e nutrição.

The metabolic adaptation is an important process to milk production in high-yielding dairy cows. The physiology of hematological and endocrinal changes during the postpartum period is complex and many homeostatic responses are important to achieve the maximum milk production. The hematological status is an useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the general health and the immune system on different stages of the productive cycle in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate some hematological parameters in different periods of the productive cycle of dairy cows and correlate them with cortisol. Two hundred and ten multiparous dairy cows were selected to this experiment. The animals were distributed by weeks: -3, -1 (60 and 15 days before calving), 2, 5, 8 and 11 (weeks postpartum). The hematological parameters analyzed were PCV (packed cell volume), hemoglobin concentration, total and differential count of WBC (white blood cells). The stress during the periparturient period was evaluated by cortisol levels analyzed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay method. All the hematological and cortisol values were within the normal range for the species. The highest values for cortisol were found during the second week. Hematological changes associated to high stress signs were not observed in the present study and this is probably due to the satisfactory health state during the experiment period and the adequate nutritional and management conditions.

Composição do sangue e do leite em ovinos leiteiros do sul do Brasil: variações na gestação e na lactação / Blood and milk composition in dairy ewes from southern Brazil: variations during pregnancy and lactation

A ovinocultura de leite tem avançado no Rio Grande do Sul nos últimos anos, sem o conhecimento das variações nos parâmetros metabólicos e de composição do leite que possa servir de apoio à pesquisa e à clínica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variação dos perfis metabólico e hematológico e da composição do leite em ovinos leiteiros da raça Lacaune criados em regime de confinamento na Serra Gaúcha. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Bento Gonçalves (região serrana do RS). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 14 animais por venipunção jugular para a realização de hemograma e do perfil bioquímico, em cada uma das seguintes categorias: ovelhas vazias; aos 60, 90 e 120 dias de gestação e aos 7, 30, 60 e 140 dias de lactação. Durante os mesmos períodos da lactação, foram coletadas amostras para a determinação dos componentes físico-químicos do leite. A acidez Dornic e o teor de proteína e gordura do leite foram diferentes dos citados em outros países. O perfil metabólico apresentou maiores variações com relação à média no final da gestação e no início da lactação. A uréia mostrou diferença (P<0,05) entre a gestação e a lactação. Os valores de glicose e fructosamina diminuíram e os de beta-hidroxibutirato aumentaram (P<0,05) no final da gestação. Com o avanço da lactação, houve diminuição da glicose e aumento do colesterol (P<0,05). O fósforo apresentou diminuição 30 dias após o parto (P<0,05). Os parâmetros hematológicos não mostraram diferença nos períodos fisiológicos estudados, com exceção dos neutrófilos segmentados, que aumentaram com o avanço da gestação. Os dados encontrados servem como referência para estudos sobre nutrição, metabolismo e qualidade do leite em ovelhas leiteiras.

Dairy sheep industry has increased intensively in southern Brazil, however, without the corresponding knowledge of variations on metabolic and hematological parameters and on milk composition, with application in research and clinical activities. This work was carried out on Lacaune sheep, intensively grazed in the county of Bento Gonçalves (RS), in southern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for metabolic profiles and hematology. Samples were taken randomly from 14 sheep in each of the following periods: nonpregnant ewes; at 60, 90 and 120 of pregnancy and at 7, 30, 60 and 140 days of lactation. During the lactation period, milk samples were also taken to assay the physico-chemical composition. Milk acidity, protein and fat levels were different from reference levels in another countries. The most relevant changes on metabolic profile were noticed at the end of gestation and at the beginning of lactation. Urea values showed variation (P<0.05) during the gestation and lactation periods. The levels of glucose and fructosamine decreased and the BHB increased significantly at the end of gestation period (P<0.05). During the lactation period glucose level lowered and cholesterol level increased significantly (P<0.05). Phosphorus level lowered, specially at 30 days post parturition (P<0.05). Hematologic parameters did not show variation during the physiologic periods studied. An exception was the segmented neutrophils that increased with the advance of the gestation (P<0.05). The data presented here may help for further nutrition and metabolic studies on dairy sheep and milk quality.

Indicadores do ambiente ruminal e suas relações com a composição do leite e células somáticas em diferentes períodos da primeira fase da lactação em vacas de alta produção / Indicators of rumen environment and their relation with milk composition and somatic cells in the first phase of lactation in high-yielding dairy cows

No atual sistema internacional de pagamento do leite por qualidade, têm-se valorizado dois aspectos fundamentais: a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e o conteúdo de sólidos totais. O primeiro fator depende da saúde da glândula mamária e o segundo, de maior importância econômica para os laticínios, está relacionado com o manejo alimentar e a raça dos animais. O ambiente ruminal pode modificar a composição do leite, em especial o teor de gordura. A fonte principal de proteína nos ruminantes depende da síntese de proteína no rúmen. Os atuais sistemas de alimentação, usados em vacas de alta produção, predispõem os animais à apresentação de síndromes metabólicas o que direta ou indiretamente afeta a produção de leite. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, relacionar indicadores do ambiente ruminal (tempo de redução com azul de metileno e pH) e o pH da urina com a composição do leite (sólidos totais) e a CCS. Não foi encontrada associação estatística entre os parâmetros avaliados. Os valores médios dos sólidos não-gordurosos analisados no estudo foram inferiores ao limite estabelecido pela norma oficial do Brasil.

Thyroid hormones in native Colombian bovine breeds

Colombia has the greatest number of native bovine breeds from Bos taurus origin in America, which is an important source ofgenetic resources and biodiversity conservation. Those breeds have showed adaptation to the tropic conditions, which arecharacterized by high temperature and humidity, as well as intense solar brightness. Physiological adaptation under heat stressconditions is partially regulated by thyroid hormones. In this work there were studied blood concentrations of thyroid hormones.Twenty-eight cows of eight different Colombian native breeds were used, divided in four different production groups: heifers,early lactation cows, end lactation cows and dry cows. The breeds were: Blanco-Orejinegro (BON), Chino Santandereano (CHI),Hartón del Valle (HVA) and Lucerna (LUC), with dairy production ability; Romosinuano (ROM) and Sanmartinero (SAM) with meatproduction ability; and Casanareño (CAS) and Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC) with undefined production ability. Triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured in serum by radioimmunoassay technique (RIA). Mean values found were 1.89 nmol/Land 49.3 nmol/L, respectively. There were detected significant differences among breeds. Heifers had the greatest concentrationsof thyroid hormones among the groups of animals studied.